The impact of economic growth, FDI and Tourism on CO2 emissions in Saudi Arabia

الملخص

This paper examines the impact of economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI), and tourism on (CO2) emissions by utilizing data from Saudi Arabia spanning from 1970 to 2022. The study employed autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models to compute the variables pertaining to the stationarity of the time series. Through the estimation of the ARDL model, it was determined that CO2 emissions at (t-1), foreign direct investment, GDP per capita, electricity production from renewable sources, international tourism, and total natural resources rents at (t-1) have a substantial long-term impact on CO2 emissions. Conversely, domestic credit to the private sector by banks, foreign direct investment at (t-1), natural gas rents, and oil rents do not exhibit any long-term influence on CO2 emissions. Regarding the short-term scenario, it can be concluded that CO2 emissions at a lag of one period, electricity production from renewable sources, inflow of FDI, FDI at (t-1), GDP per capita, electricity production from renewable sources, international tourism, total rents derived from natural resources at (t-1), rents derived from natural gas, and rents derived from oil possess a significant influence on CO2 emissions in the case of Saudi Arabia.