Critical Evaluation of Historical Narratives about Muʻāwiyah ibn Abī Sufyān in al-ʻIqd al-farīd by Ibn ʻAbd Rabbih

A Critical Historical Reading

Abstract

The distinctive literary work, al-ʻIqd al-farīd by Ibn ʻAbd Rabbih, stands as an earlier historical source encompassing accounts and narratives pertinent to the Umayyad State. Like other historical narratives, they necessitate a comprehensive examination, critical evaluation, and analytical scrutiny, particularly regarding their authenticity. However, it is certain that the book is characterized by two overarching concerns. Firstly, the author faces allegations of harboring biases towards Shi'ism, and secondly, his historical narratives lack requisite authentication. Consequently, these issues have propelled the researcher towards a meticulous review, scrutiny, and rectification of certain misconceptions related to the achievements and history od the Umayyad Caliphs, especially the founder of the Umayyad Caliphate, the esteemed Companion, Muʻāwiyah ibn Abī Sufyān, may Allah be pleased with him. The research tackles a critical examination of the narratives and accounts about Muʻāwiyah's governance of the Levant during the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, exploring the relevant events and consequences. Furthermore, it delves into aspects related to his caliphate, highlighting the significant achievements he undertook in preserving Ummah's unity and cohesion, his adeptness in confronting internal and external threats, and numerous other accounts that need scrutinized through historical critical approach.