Parks in Persia in the 5th Century AH

Abstract

This research studies Persian parksduring the fifth century AH when three Muslim countries were fighting one another to rule over Persia:  the Seljuk Empire, the Ghaznavid Empire in the East, and the Buyid State in the West until the whole state was controlled by the Seljuk Empire in 454 AH. 

These parks were very varied and the most important among them were markets. They were adorned on holidays and special occasions and the caliphs' messengers were received there.Gardens and orchards came next in importance since Persia, at that time, was known for its most beautiful parks and gardens in the world. It had  sha`bBavan, Shidan meadow and Hamadan towns. Then, the squares which received special care from the rulers as they housed horse racing and wrestling. Winners were awarded valuable prizes. In addition, the squares were used for the defamation of arrested people. Walking in the desert and hunting were among the favored activities of the Persians and their sultans. Finally, Persia was characterized by having many beaches and rivers which were considered the most important destinations for walks, such as Zarandoz River. Because beaches and rivers were so beautiful, the Persian people held some of their occasions and festivals there.